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In Egypt in 1552 BC has been recognized the existence of a disease with symptoms of frequent urination and in the amount banya called 'Polyuria' and rapid weight loss without pain. Later in the year 400 BC, Indian writer Sushrutha to name the disease "Diabetes Disease Honey" (Honey Urine Disease).

Aretaeus, in the year 200 BC is the person who first gave the name diabetes, meaning "flowing" and mellitus means "honey". Diabetes is called Karen aselalu drink in large quantities (Polidipsia) which then flows continue to be referred Mellitus urine.di because the patient's urine containing glucose (glucose / sugar).

Diabetes Mellitus is basically caused by the hormone insulin that people with insufficient or ineffective that it can not work normally. In fact, insulin has a major role regulate glucose levels in the blood, which is around 6 - = 120 mg / dl when fasting, and below 140 mg / dl at two hours after eating (in normal people).

Since the discovery of insulin in 1921 by Banting and Best in Canada, death rates and miscarriages of pregnant mothers on the wane. Since the discovery that diabetes treatment is far more effective than previously. Today, with intensive care, almost all patients with diabetes can get back to normal and productive life.

Usually your body convert sugar and starches into glucose (simple sugar) which serves as fuel. When diabetes develops, the amount of glucose in the body is very high. Because insulin (a substance that controls glucose levels) the quantity is insufficient.

Therefore Diabetes sufferers can not produce insulin properly. That is why they must get insulin shots or other medications by mouth to help the body release more insulin.

Insulin Hormone
Useful to process the hormone insulin or glucose sugars from the foods we eat and beverages we drink. If you have a normal pancreas / or your insulin production is sufficient then your blood sugar will be processed properly, meaning you have been freed from diabetes.

People suffering from diabetes
In the pancreas or damage of the pancreas is not working perfectly, so that the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to neutralize blood sugar.

Diabetes is caused by insufficiency of the hormone insulin produced by the pancreas to neutralize the body's blood sugar

Insulin Hormone

Useful to process the hormone insulin or glucose sugars from the foods we eat and beverages we drink. If you have a normal pancreas / or your insulin production is sufficient then your blood sugar will be processed properly, meaning you have been freed from the pancreas of diabetes patients Diabetes or damage to the pancreas is not working perfectly, so that the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to neutralize blood sugar

General characteristics of diabetes are:

• Frequent bowel movement arts
• Quick hungry and thirsty
• Quick tired and sleepy
• Blurred vision
• Itching of the skin and vagina (women)
• Difficult to heal wounds
• Decreased orgasm impotence (men)
• Infertility in men and women

To help you recognize the warning signs of diabetes has been established a standard that is the American Institute For Preventive Medicine Diabetes And Caution Using Abbreviations.

Note the emergence of the following symptoms:

• Drowsiness
• itching
• History of diabetes in the family
• Blurred view
• Excessive weight
• Numbness or pain in the lower limbs
• Infections of skin, seemed to be cut, itching especially on foot
• Dermatitis

Another sign:

• Continuous urinary
• Unusual thirst
• Strange hunger
• Rapid weight loss
• Quick-tempered
• Very weak and limp
• Nausea and vomiting

Risk of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease mostly hereditary disease, not infectious diseases. Nevertheless it does not mean the disease would decrease to the child, although both parents suffer from Diabetes Mellitus.

When compared with both parents normal (non diabetic), which clearly Diabetes Mellitus patients are more likely to have children who suffer from Diabetes Mellitus

According to the Order of the Suffering of Diabetes Mellitus are:

1. Both parents suffer from Diabetes Mellitus
2. One or siblings suffered from Diabetes Mellitus
3. One member of his family (grandmother, uncle, aunt, cousin), develop the disease.
4. Never gave birth to a baby weighing more than 4 kg body
5. At the time of medical examination found blood glucose levels exceed between 140-200 mg / dl
6. Suffering from liver disease (liver), chronic or severe enough.
7. Too long consuming drugs, injections or tablets drink corticosteroid group (often used by people with asthma, skin diseases, and rheumatic) eg: Prednisone, Oradexon, Kenacort, Rheumacyl, Kortise, Hydrocortisone)
8. Exposed to certain viral infections: eg Morbili virus, a virus that attacks the saliva glands, such as severe gondengan, etc.. These viral infections occur more frequently in children.
9. Drugs affected by anti-insect.

Any complications that can arise in patients with Diabetes Mellitus?

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus can occur in acute and chronic, that occur several months or years after suffering from Diabetes Mellitus. Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Two of the most frequent acute complication is the reaction of Hypoglycemia and Diabetic coma.

Hypoglykemia

Hypoglycemia is a symptom that arises due to the body lacks glucose, with the signs:

• Hunger
• Tremble
• Cold sweat
• Dizziness

In the state of hypoglycemia, patients should be immediately given bread or bananas. If not helped give water to drink sugary tea, a glass or two. If this condition is not treated immediately, patients will not be knocked out.

Since the coma was caused by a shortage in blood glucose (Hypoglycemia coma). Patients with hypoglycemic coma must be immediately taken to the hospital because it requires a 40% glucose injection and glucose infusion.

Diabetes Mellitus patients who experienced hypoglycemic reactions (still unconscious) is usually caused by anti-diabetes drug taken in high doses.

Diabetic coma

Contrary to the hypoglycemic, diabetic coma was caused by the concentration of glucose in the blood are too high are usually more than 600 mg / dL or symptoms that often arise are:

• Decreased appetite
• Thirsty, drink a lot, peeing a lot
• Then followed by nausea, vomiting, appetite and the patient became fast and smelled of acetone.
• Often accompanied by fever, usually because of infection. Should be immediately taken to the doctor.

Hair condition People with Diabetes:

• Diabetes Mellitus Patients who have chronic and not properly maintained, it is usually thinner hair.
• When infected hair follicles, hair falling out easily
• Hair Loss can be cured in two or three months, if Diabetes Mellitus treated well soon, given the vitamins (beta carotene, vitamins E and C) and minerals, and fluids or hair roots hairtonic amplifier.

Ear Conditions Diabetes Patients:

• Because the auditory nerves are easily damaged Diabetes Mellitus, ears often whined.
• If this condition is not treated promptly or properly treated, his hearing will decline even become deaf

Eye Conditions Diabetes Patients:

• When blood glucose levels in sudden high, convex lens of the eye becomes blurred and the patient complained, usually the patient will often replace the glasses.
• This disease can make the lens of the eye becomes cloudy (white) and usually become blurred, called cataracts. If the cataract is ripe, should be operated.
• Chronic complications in the eyes of others is the increasing press eyeball called glaucoma, this condition often marked by dizziness around the eyes.
• Decreased tear production tends to require eye drops.
• This situation will usually arise after suffering for more than 10 -15 years. Is a disturbance of the light receiver or the retina that lies behind the lens of the eye. Disturbances in the retina of the eye is called diabetic retinopathy.

Conditions Tongue Diabetes Patients:

• Enlarged tongue, and patients often have long thick when this disease
• Sometimes problems arise taste sensitivity on the tongue or feeling annoyed eat

Saliva Conditions Diabetes Patients:
Saliva sufferers often become more viscous, so that his mouth felt dry Diabetic called Xerostomia. Conversely excessive saliva sometimes called Hipersavili Diabetic.

Condition of Teeth and Gums Diabetes Patients:

• Network that binds the teeth in the jaw called the periodontium can be easily damaged, teeth Diabetes Mellitus easily shaken off even easier. Diabetes Mellitus So do not rush pulling teeth when the teeth easily shaken, but first take care of Diabetes Mellitusnya
• Diabetes Mellitus gums are often swollen and infected. Because of frequent infections, bad breath Diabetes Mellitus often less tasty (foetor exoris diabetic).

Lung Conditions Patients with Diabetes:

Diabetes Mellitus if cough usually lasts longer, the defense body decreased when compared with normal people, and are usually susceptible to TB. In order for a speedy recovery of pulmonary TB should be treated well.

Heart Conditions People with Diabetes:

Diabetes Mellitus easier to suffer coronary heart disease is heart disease caused by narrowing of coronary arteries. If this happens, the heart muscle will be deprived of oxygen from the food, and will become weak or partial cardiac death. This condition is called cardiac infarction (acute myocardial mokard). Patients with shortness of breath easily when climbing stairs street or called or decompensated heart trouble cordis.

Condition of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Lever:

Patients who are not well cared for, will suffer from liver disease caused by diabetes. So it was not due to lack of glucose in the liver. This disorder is called diabetic heart disease. It is also susceptible to disease due to hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus, therefore people with Diabetes Mellitus should abstain from hepatitis patients. patients with chronic hepatitis who may also suffer from Diabetes Mellitus if already a lot of damaged liver cells.

Is a mistaken assumption that if people with diabetes also suffer from liver disease due to lack of glucose, whereas the right:

• Diabetes sufferers should not be drinking the glucose, although it also suffered from liver disease
• Patients suffering from liver disease is easy because it is not treated well

Diabetes Patients with Stomach Conditions:

• Because I had been suffering from Diabetes Mellitus finally that maintain gastric nerves will be damaged so that the function of the stomach becomes weak
• This situation will cause nausea, stomach feels full, bloating, food is not quickly come down, sometimes resulting in heartburn pain. But if treated well will disappear in 10-20 days

Condition Intestine Diabetes Patients:

• Disturbances in the intestine which is often experienced by sufferers is difficult to defecate.
• By treating Diabetes Mellitus in accordance with the instructions, drink lots, eat lots of vegetables, exercising regularly and taking certain medications. Complaints will be reduced in a relatively long time. Complaints are referred Obtipasi Diabetic.
• Circumstances indicate the contrary sometimes complain of diarrhea, feces contain a lot of water without mules. Often occur at night, may occur 4-5 days called Diabetic Diarrhea.

Patients with Diabetes Kidney conditions:

• Compared with normal people, patients are more likely to experience renal failure caused by a factor of repeated infections experienced by patients with Diabetes Mellitus
• Factor narrowing of blood vessels called capillaries in the kidney Mikrongiopati Diabetic
• Maniferstasi Mikroangiopati Diabetic complications of the kidney is called nephropathy Diabetes and have four types or stages, namely:

1. Type B, Stage I
2. Stage II Type B2
3. Stage III Type B3
4. Bc type terminal stages of Stage IV (late stage)
5. In stage III or IV, renal function was very poor and often patients need to have dialysis or hemodialysis

Diabetes Patients with Bladder conditions:

• Bladder must be considered because these patients often experience urinary tract infections. If this happens the patient difficult urination, urine buried and muffled in the bag urine, a condition termed Retensio Urine.
• Conversely, if the nature of nerve control is interrupted, people often wetting or urinating out of his own called Urinary incontinence.

Condition of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Blood Vessels:

• Half-paralyzed or weak
• When paralyzed on the right can be accompanied with speech disturbance and even dumb
• When blockages occur in areas important to the patient dies
• When these circumstances occur immediately overcome by treating Diabetes Mellitusnya in the hospital by giving aspirin tablets, injections and tablets Persantin and other drugs group OAAT (Anti Thrombocyte Aggregation)

Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Sexual Situation:

During the nerves that maintain sexual devices is not disturbed, the patient usually remains normal sexual performance. But if the damage is severe and permanent neurological, usually patients will become impotent. Impotence is in general not be treated with injections of the male sex hormone called testosterone hormone testosterone levels usually Diabetes Mellitus is still normal. Impotence in patients with diabetes mellitus can be divided into two types, namely neurogenic impotence and psychogenic impotence.

Condition of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Neural Vein:

Because of the high glucose levels, this state of nerve damage. Abnormalities of the nerves caused by diabetes mellitus called Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy symptoms that often arises is:

• Pins and needles
• Burning sensation or sense-puncture needle punctured
• When you think happened ditelapak feet thick sufferers feel like walking on a mattress.
• Even the often miss sandals in particular tenpat
• Cramps
• Body ache, especially at night
• If damage occurred in many nerve endings called Diabetic polyneuropathy
• Road patients will be lame and muscle become narrowed, called atrophy
• All neurological disorders caused by diabetes mellitus can be overcome if the situation is not too late

Condition of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Blood Vessels:

The most dangerous complication in these patients is a complication of blood vessels. Constriction of blood vessels in these patients is called Diabetic Angiopati. While Angiopati Diabetic on capillary blood pembulug called Mikroangiopatik Diabetic. For example in the retina of the eye called Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic neuropathy in the kidneys is called. In medical, Diabetes Mellitus kualita determined by blood vessels.